Surveillez l'état du chiffrement DuoKey SQL EKM et configurez des alertes
Une surveillance efficace garantit que vos bases de données chiffrées restent saines et conformes. Ce guide couvre la surveillance de l'état en temps réel, les vérifications d'état automatisées, les alertes SQL Server Agent et la journalisation d'audit.
Créez une vue pour surveiller facilement toutes les bases de données chiffrées :
CREATE OR ALTER VIEW dbo.vw_TDE_Status
AS
SELECT
DB_NAME(dek.database_id) AS DatabaseName,
d.state_desc AS DatabaseState,
CASE dek.encryption_state
WHEN 0 THEN 'No DEK Present'
WHEN 1 THEN 'Unencrypted'
WHEN 2 THEN 'Encryption In Progress'
WHEN 3 THEN 'Encrypted'
WHEN 4 THEN 'Key Change In Progress'
WHEN 5 THEN 'Decryption In Progress'
WHEN 6 THEN 'Protection Change In Progress'
END AS EncryptionStatus,
dek.percent_complete AS ProgressPercent,
dek.key_algorithm AS Algorithm,
dek.key_length AS KeyLength,
ak.name AS ProtectingKeyName,
cp.name AS EKMProvider,
dek.create_date AS DEKCreated,
dek.regenerate_date AS LastKeyRotation,
DATEDIFF(DAY, ISNULL(dek.regenerate_date, dek.create_date), GETDATE())
AS DaysSinceRotation
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys dek
INNER JOIN sys.databases d ON dek.database_id = d.database_id
LEFT JOIN sys.asymmetric_keys ak ON dek.encryptor_thumbprint = ak.thumbprint
LEFT JOIN sys.cryptographic_providers cp ON ak.provider_id = cp.provider_id;
GOSELECT * FROM dbo.vw_TDE_StatusComprendre les états de chiffrement est essentiel pour la surveillance :
| État | Valeur | Description | Action requise |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Aucune DEK | Aucune clé de chiffrement de base de données présente | Créer une DEK avec CREATE DATABASE ENCRYPTION KEY |
| 1 | Non chiffrée | La DEK existe mais le chiffrement n'est pas activé | Activer avec ALTER DATABASE SET ENCRYPTION ON |
| 2 | Chiffrement en cours | Chiffrement en cours | Attendre la fin, surveiller percent_complete |
| 3 | Chiffrée | Base de données entièrement chiffrée | Aucune — fonctionnement normal |
| 4 | Changement de clé | Rotation de clé en cours | Attendre la fin |
| 5 | Déchiffrement | Déchiffrement en cours | Attendre la fin |
| 6 | Changement de protection | Changement de protecteur en cours | Attendre la fin |
-- All encrypted databases with status
SELECT
DB_NAME(database_id) AS [Database],
encryption_state,
percent_complete
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys;
GO
-- Check EKM provider is healthy
SELECT name, is_enabled, version
FROM sys.cryptographic_providers
WHERE name = 'DuoKeyProvider';
GO
-- Databases needing attention
SELECT
DB_NAME(database_id) AS [Database],
'Key rotation overdue' AS Issue
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys
WHERE DATEDIFF(DAY, ISNULL(regenerate_date, create_date), GETDATE()) > 365;
GOCette procédure stockée complète recherche les problèmes courants et peut éventuellement envoyer des alertes par e-mail :
CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.usp_TDE_HealthCheck
@AlertThresholdDays INT = 365,
@SendEmail BIT = 0,
@EmailRecipients NVARCHAR(500) = NULL
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @Issues TABLE (
Severity VARCHAR(20),
Category VARCHAR(50),
DatabaseName NVARCHAR(128),
Issue NVARCHAR(500),
Recommendation NVARCHAR(500)
);
-- Check for databases that should be encrypted but aren't
INSERT INTO @Issues
SELECT
'WARNING',
'Encryption Gap',
name,
'Database is not encrypted',
'Consider enabling TDE for this database'
FROM sys.databases
WHERE database_id > 4 -- Exclude system databases
AND is_encrypted = 0
AND name NOT IN ('tempdb', 'ReportServer', 'ReportServerTempDB');
-- Check for key rotation overdue
INSERT INTO @Issues
SELECT
'WARNING',
'Key Rotation',
DB_NAME(database_id),
'Key rotation overdue (' +
CAST(DATEDIFF(DAY, ISNULL(regenerate_date, create_date), GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR) +
' days since last rotation)',
'Rotate DEK per security policy'
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys
WHERE DATEDIFF(DAY, ISNULL(regenerate_date, create_date), GETDATE()) > @AlertThresholdDays;
-- Check for stuck encryption operations
INSERT INTO @Issues
SELECT
'CRITICAL',
'Encryption Stuck',
DB_NAME(database_id),
'Encryption operation stuck at ' + CAST(percent_complete AS VARCHAR) + '%',
'Investigate I/O performance and DuoKey connectivity'
FROM sys.dm_database_encryption_keys
WHERE encryption_state IN (2, 4, 5, 6)
AND percent_complete < 100
AND DATEDIFF(HOUR, modify_date, GETDATE()) > 4;
-- Check EKM provider status
IF NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM sys.cryptographic_providers
WHERE name = 'DuoKeyProvider' AND is_enabled = 1
)
BEGIN
INSERT INTO @Issues VALUES (
'CRITICAL',
'EKM Provider',
'N/A',
'DuoKey EKM Provider is not enabled or missing',
'Verify provider installation and enable if disabled'
);
END
-- Return results
SELECT * FROM @Issues
ORDER BY
CASE Severity WHEN 'CRITICAL' THEN 1 WHEN 'WARNING' THEN 2 ELSE 3 END,
Category, DatabaseName;
-- Optionally send email (requires Database Mail configured)
IF @SendEmail = 1 AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM @Issues)
BEGIN
DECLARE @body NVARCHAR(MAX);
SELECT @body = STRING_AGG(
Severity + ': ' + Category + ' - ' + DatabaseName + ': ' + Issue,
CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
) FROM @Issues;
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@recipients = @EmailRecipients,
@subject = 'SQL EKM Health Check Alert',
@body = @body;
END
END
GO-- Basic health check (returns issues only)
EXEC dbo.usp_TDE_HealthCheck;
GO
-- With custom threshold (90 days for key rotation)
EXEC dbo.usp_TDE_HealthCheck @AlertThresholdDays = 90;
GO
-- With email alerts (requires Database Mail)
EXEC dbo.usp_TDE_HealthCheck
@AlertThresholdDays = 365,
@SendEmail = 1,
@EmailRecipients = '[email protected],[email protected]';
GOCréez un travail SQL Server Agent automatisé pour exécuter la vérification de l'état selon une planification :
-- Create health check job
USE msdb;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_job
@job_name = N'TDE_HealthCheck_Hourly',
@enabled = 1,
@description = N'Hourly TDE encryption health check';
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name = N'TDE_HealthCheck_Hourly',
@step_name = N'RunHealthCheck',
@subsystem = N'TSQL',
@command = N'EXEC dbo.usp_TDE_HealthCheck
@AlertThresholdDays = 365,
@SendEmail = 1,
@EmailRecipients = ''[email protected]''',
@database_name = N'master';
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_schedule
@schedule_name = N'Hourly',
@freq_type = 4,
@freq_interval = 1,
@freq_subday_type = 8,
@freq_subday_interval = 1;
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_attach_schedule
@job_name = N'TDE_HealthCheck_Hourly',
@schedule_name = N'Hourly';
GO
EXEC dbo.sp_add_jobserver
@job_name = N'TDE_HealthCheck_Hourly';
GO
PRINT 'Health check job created successfully.';
GO| Planification | freq_type | freq_subday_type | freq_subday_interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toutes les heures | 4 (Quotidien) | 8 (Heure) | 1 |
| Toutes les 15 minutes | 4 (Quotidien) | 4 (Minute) | 15 |
| Toutes les 6 heures | 4 (Quotidien) | 8 (Heure) | 6 |
| Une fois par jour à 6 h | 4 (Quotidien) | 1 (Une fois) | N/A |
Surveillez les performances d'E/S pour vous assurer que le TDE n'entraîne pas de surcharge excessive :
-- TDE Performance Baseline Query
SELECT
DB_NAME(fs.database_id) AS DatabaseName,
mf.name AS FileName,
mf.type_desc AS FileType,
fs.num_of_reads AS Reads,
fs.num_of_writes AS Writes,
fs.io_stall_read_ms AS ReadStallMs,
fs.io_stall_write_ms AS WriteStallMs,
CAST(fs.size_on_disk_bytes / 1024.0 / 1024.0 AS DECIMAL(10,2)) AS SizeMB,
d.is_encrypted AS Encrypted,
CASE
WHEN fs.num_of_reads > 0
THEN CAST(fs.io_stall_read_ms / fs.num_of_reads AS DECIMAL(10,2))
ELSE 0
END AS AvgReadLatencyMs,
CASE
WHEN fs.num_of_writes > 0
THEN CAST(fs.io_stall_write_ms / fs.num_of_writes AS DECIMAL(10,2))
ELSE 0
END AS AvgWriteLatencyMs
FROM sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats(NULL, NULL) fs
INNER JOIN sys.master_files mf
ON fs.database_id = mf.database_id AND fs.file_id = mf.file_id
INNER JOIN sys.databases d
ON fs.database_id = d.database_id
WHERE d.is_encrypted = 1
ORDER BY fs.io_stall_read_ms + fs.io_stall_write_ms DESC;
GO| Indicateur | Plage saine | Action si dépassé |
|---|---|---|
| AvgReadLatencyMs | < 20ms | Vérifiez les E/S de stockage, envisagez un stockage plus rapide |
| AvgWriteLatencyMs | < 20ms | Vérifiez les E/S de stockage, envisagez d'optimiser les journaux |
| Processeur pendant le chiffrement | < 80% | Planifiez le chiffrement en dehors des heures de pointe |
| Progression de l'analyse TDE | En augmentation | Vérifiez les verrous et les goulets d'étranglement d'E/S |
Activez SQL Server Audit pour suivre les opérations sur les clés à des fins de conformité :
-- Create server audit
CREATE SERVER AUDIT TDE_Audit
TO FILE (FILEPATH = 'C:\SQLAudit\', MAXSIZE = 100 MB)
WITH (QUEUE_DELAY = 1000, ON_FAILURE = CONTINUE);
GO
ALTER SERVER AUDIT TDE_Audit WITH (STATE = ON);
GO
-- Create audit specification for crypto operations
CREATE SERVER AUDIT SPECIFICATION TDE_AuditSpec
FOR SERVER AUDIT TDE_Audit
ADD (DATABASE_CHANGE_GROUP),
ADD (SCHEMA_OBJECT_ACCESS_GROUP),
ADD (BACKUP_RESTORE_GROUP)
WITH (STATE = ON);
GO
PRINT 'Audit configuration created successfully.';
GO| Groupe d'événements | Ce qu'il capture |
|---|---|
| DATABASE_CHANGE_GROUP | Opérations CREATE/ALTER/DROP DATABASE |
| SCHEMA_OBJECT_ACCESS_GROUP | Accès aux clés de chiffrement et aux certificats |
| BACKUP_RESTORE_GROUP | Opérations de sauvegarde et de restauration |